| 기호 | 역할 | 포함되는 모든 문법 요소 |
| --------- | ---- | ------------------------------------- |
| (S) | 주어 | 명사, 대명사, 명사구, 명사절 |
| (V) | 동사 | 일반동사, be동사, 조동사+동사 |
| (O) | 목적어 | 명사, 명사구, 명사절, 동명사, to부정사 |
| (C) | 보어 | 형용사, 명사, 전치사구 (be동사 등 뒤에서 설명) |
| (A) | 부사구 | 시간·장소·방법·이유·조건 등 (부사, 부사절, 부사구) |
| (P) | 전치사구 | 전치사 + 명사 (형용사 또는 부사 기능) |
| (Pr) | 분사구문 | 현재분사(-ing) 또는 과거분사(p.p.)로 시작하는 부사절 역할 |
| (R) | 관계절 | 관계대명사·관계부사로 시작해 명사를 수식하는 절 |
| (App) | 동격어구 | 명사 뒤에 붙어 그 의미를 구체화하거나 설명 |

(S): 주어

(V): 동사

(O): 목적어

(C): 보어

(A): 부사구 (시간·장소·방법·정도 등)

(P): 전치사구

(Pr): 분사구문

(R): 관계절

(App): 동격어구

(S) The ocean / (V) is / (C) vast / (Pr) covering 71% of Earth's surface / (Pr) and consisting of one massive body of water / (P) made up of five basins: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern. //
(A) Together / (S) they / (V) hold / (O) over 1.3 billion cubic kilometers of water / (Pr) accounting for 97% of Earth's total water / (Pr) and 99% of the planet's biosphere / (App) the area / (R) where life exists. //
(S) The ocean / (V) is / (C) not only enormous / (C) but also home to some of the planet’s most remarkable geological features / (P) including the longest mountain range / (P) the mid-ocean ridge / (P) the world’s largest underwater waterfall / (P) and the deepest canyon, Challenger Deep. //
(A) Despite its enormity / (S) the ocean / (V) is / (C) heavily influenced / (P) by human activity. //
(A) Around 50% of the world’s population / (V) lives / (A) near the coast / (C) and human impact / (V) can be observed / (A) even in the most remote and deep parts of the ocean. //
(S) The ocean / (V) defines / (O) our planet / (C) but humanity / (V) has / (O) a significant role / (P) in shaping its health and future. //